Chapter 01a Introduction

Textbook: Oceanography: An Invitation to Marine Science 5^th or 4^th edition

by Tom Garrison

About the Textbook

Strategy of the Author: explain the underlying science,

then use it to present and discuss ocean processes

Chapter in Perspective –end of each chapter

Narrative review

A look ahead

Key Ideas

Terms and Concepts

Study Questions

Review questions

Critical thinking questions

Analytical questions (math)

Internet links

Publisher’s

Website – has additional information, tutorials, links

http://oceanography.brookscole.com/garrison5e/

For each chapter:

Pre-Test

Personalized Learning Plan

Post-Test

Different Types of Learning

Verbal

Mathematical / Logical

Visual

Creative / Imaginative

Figures and Illustrations

learn to extract and understand information from figures

See the Big Picture

Try not to memorize lots of isolated facts.

Understand the process, and the details will fall into place.

The Growth of Oceanography

There is a basic difference between the terms Oceanography and Oceanology.

Oceanography is the recording and description of the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the ocean.

This term does not adequately describe modern scientific ocean investigations.

Oceanology
is the scientific study of the sea by applying traditional sciences
—such as physics, chemistry and mathematics —
to all aspects of the ocean.

…but, we generally use the term Oceanography

Oceanography is an interdisciplinary science

• Physical Oceanography

• Geological Oceanography

• Chemical Oceanography

• Biological Oceanography

• Ocean Engineering

• Marine Policy

Historical Review of Oceanography

Three major stages:

• Ocean exploration

• Early scientific investigations

• Modern oceanography

OCEAN EXPLORATION

the period when people explored the ocean boundaries

Notable explorers:

The Phoenicians Phytheas

The Polynesians Herodotus

The Vikings Bartholomew Diaz

Vasco de Gama Ferdinand Magellan

EARLY SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION

expeditions to describe the ocean

Notable scientists:

James Cook

Matthew Fountaine Maury

Charles Darwin

C. Wyville Thomson

Fridtjof

Nansen

MODERN OCEANOGRAPHY

began in the 20th century with interdisciplinary oceanic research and use of complex scientific instruments

Current and future oceanographic research

Largely driven by technology

More international efforts because of cost and scale of research

Greater use of submersibles for deep ocean exploration

Increased use of computers for modeling complex ocean processes

Use of remote sensing